Ground-motion prediction models for induced earthquakes in the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands

Abstract Small-magnitude earthquakes induced by gas production in the Groningen field Netherlands have prompted development of seismic risk models that serve both to estimate impact these events and explore efficacy different mitigation strategies. A core element modelling is ground-motion prediction (GMPM) derived from an extensive database recordings obtained a dense network accelerographs installed field. For verification damage claims, empirical GMPM for peak ground velocity (PGV) has been developed, which predicts horizontal PGV as function local magnitude, M L ; hypocentral distance, R hyp time-averaged shear-wave over upper 30 m, V S30 . due potential triggered larger response spectral accelerations developed regressions on outputs finite-rupture simulations motions at deeply buried rock horizon. The coupled with zonation map defining frequency-dependent non-linear amplification factors obtain estimates surface region thick deposits soft soils. formulated within logic-tree framework capture epistemic uncertainty associated extrapolation ≤ 3.6 much magnitudes.